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The legislation, which has faced fierce opposition from the clergy and right-wing parties, will now be reviewed by the Constitutional Council
France’s lower chamber of parliament has given final approval to a controversial bill legalizing euthanasia and assisted suicide. The legislation, which has been criticized by the clergy and was rejected three times by the conservative Senate, is now in the hands of the country’s top constitutional body.
The left-leaning National Assembly greenlit the bill on Wednesday 291 votes to 241, capping what its author, former lawmaker Olivier Falorni, called a legislative “marathon with hurdles.”
Support for the bill in the chamber has steadily eroded with each reading: The Assembly passed the text 305-199 in May 2025, 299-226 in February 2026, and 295-232 on June 30.
The Senate, which is dominated by conservatives, rejected the bill several times, and with no compromise reached in a joint committee, the government invoked the National Assembly’s constitutional right to have the final word on the matter.
The bill grants adults who are French citizens or legal residents and suffer from a serious, incurable, and life-threatening illness in an advanced or terminal stage the right to request lethal medication if their pain is unbearable or resistant to treatment.
Psychological suffering alone does not qualify and should be linked to the disease. Applicants must also be capable of expressing their will “freely and in an informed manner,” and their discernment cannot be “seriously impaired.” The patient is also subject to a mandatory reflection period.
On the day the substance is administered, a doctor must verify that the patient still wants to proceed; if any pressure on the patient is detected, the procedure must be suspended and reported to the state prosecutor. Patients would normally self-administer the drug, with a doctor or nurse stepping in – subject to a conscience clause – only if they are physically unable.
French President Emmanuel Macron, who has backed the reform for years, wrote on X: “In 2022, I committed to opening this path with the French people. With seriousness, with humility, and with full respect for our democracy, that commitment has been fulfilled.”
The Association for the Right to Die With Dignity said the legislation would allow people “to choose to end unbearable suffering, freely and with full awareness.” Its president, Jonathan Denis, said the law “creates a new right [but] never forces anyone to exercise it,” while ensuring that every person can “have their wishes respected.”
Hanane Mansouri, an MP from the right-wing UDR group, warned that the legislation “is gradually reversing our scale of values.” The Bishops’ Conference of France said the bill “marks a grave rupture in the history of our country,” adding that “in choosing to legalize euthanasia and assisted suicide, deputies have written into French law the possibility of causing death.”
The law cannot take effect yet, as Prime Minister Sebastien Lecornu referred it to the Constitutional Council. The council is now expected to rule on whether the two-day reflection period before administering the lethal substance respects personal freedom and human dignity, whether adults under legal guardianship can give free and informed consent, and how doctors’ right to refuse participation squares with hospitals that opt out of offering assisted dying.
The council has up to one month to rule if the government does not require urgency, and has the right to strike down individual provisions, forcing parliament to rewrite and revote on them, or annul the law. Only after the council’s say can the legislation be enacted by Macron.
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