Эрдэмтэд Ангараг гарагийг хүн амьдрах боломжтой орчин болгон өөрчлөх буюу “терраформ” хийх боломжийг шинжлэх ухааны ноцтой асуудал хэмээн авч үзэж байна.
“2025 Green Mars Workshop”-ийн хураангуйд дурдсанаар, сансрын нислэг, синтетик биологи болон уур амьсгалын шинжлэх ухааны дэвшил нь Ангараг гарагийг өөрчлөх тухай ойлголтыг бодит судалгааны сэдэв болгожээ. “Pioneer Labs”-ийн гүйцэтгэх захирал, доктор Эрика ДеБенедиктисийн бэлтгэсэн уг баримт бичигт терраформ хийх боломжгүй гэж үзэхээс илүүтэйгээр, үүнийг хэрэгжүүлэхэд шаардагдах нөхцөл болон хүн төрөлхтөн ийм алхам хийх нь зөв эсэхийг судлах нь чухал гэдгийг онцолсон байна.
Төлөвлөгөөний эхний алхам нь Ангараг гарагийн дундаж температурыг хэдэн арван хэмээр нэмэгдүүлж, гадаргууг дулаацуулах явдал юм. Инженерчлэгдсэн аэрозоль эсвэл хүлэмжийн хийг ашиглан температурыг 30 орчим хэмээр өсгөснөөр гадаргуу дээрх мөс хайлж, шингэн ус үүсэх нөхцөл бүрдэнэ. Ангараг гараг дээр ойролцоогоор дөрвөн сая хавтгай дөрвөлжин км талбайг 300 метрийн гүнээр бүрхэхүйц ус мөс хэлбэрээр хадгалагдаж буй гэж үздэг.
Орчин нөхцөл арай таатай болсны дараа дэлхийн эрс тэс орчинд дасан зохицсон экстремофил бичил биетүүдийг инженерчлэн нэвтрүүлэх нь үр дүнтэй гэж судлаачид үзэж байна. Эдгээр бичил биет нь цацраг туяа болон хүйтнийг тэсвэрлэх чадвартай бөгөөд фотосинтезийн явцаар дамжуулан агаар мандлыг аажмаар өөрчлөх юм. Гэсэн хэдий ч амьсгалах боломжтой хүчилтөрөгчийн хэмжээнд хүрэхийн тулд мянга орчим жил шаардагдах тул эхний үед хүмүүс 100 метр өндөр бөмбөгөр хаалттай орчинд амьдрах шаардлагатай болно.
Энэхүү төсөл нь Ангараг гарагийн мөсөн доорх нөхцөл байдал, тоосны шуурганы төлөв, шаардлагатай нөөц баялгийн хүрэлцээ зэрэг олон асуултыг дагуулж байна. Түүнчлэн, Ангараг гараг дээр байж болзошгүй бичил биет амьдралыг устгах эрсдэл болон гарагийн байгалийн түүхийг өөрчлөх ёс зүйн асуудлууд хөндөгдөж байна. Гэсэн хэдий ч сансрын судалгааны явцад боловсруулсан хаалттай систем, тэсвэртэй ургамал зэрэг технологи нь Дэлхий дээр ч ашиг тусаа өгөх боломжтой юм.
Дэлгэрэнгүйг эх сурвалжаас харах
↓Эх сурвалжийг нээх ↓
The idea of turning Mars into a planet where humans could one day live has fascinated scientists and science fiction fans for decades. A new workshop summary prepared for the 2025 Green Mars Workshop suggests that recent advances in spaceflight, synthetic biology, and climate science mean terraforming is now worth studying as a serious scientific question, even if putting those ideas into practice is still a very long way off.
Written by Dr. Erika DeBenedictis, CEO of Pioneer Labs, the summary argues that the conversation has started to change. Rather than asking whether terraforming is simply impossible, researchers are increasingly exploring what it would actually take and whether humanity should ever move in that direction.
Warming Mars Would Come First
The roadmap starts with a simple idea: before anything can grow on Mars, the planet first has to become warmer. The workshop summary indicated that raising the average temperature by several tens of degrees over a few decades using engineered aerosols or greenhouse gases.
The goal would be to trap more heat in the thin Martian atmosphere and create conditions that are less hostile than they are today. The report also points to the planet’s large reserves of frozen water. Mars is thought to contain enough ice to eventually create an ocean covering nearly four million square kilometers with an average depth of about 300 meters.
If temperatures increased by roughly 30 degrees Celsius, some of that ice could begin melting, allowing stable liquid water to appear on the surface. That would mark an important milestone, since liquid water is considered a key ingredient for every stage that follows.
Tiny Microbes Could Do Much of The Heavy Lifting
Once Mars became a little more hospitable, researchers suggest introducing specially engineered microorganisms. The proposal focuses on extremophiles, microbes that already survive some of Earth’s harshest environments. By combining traits such as resistance to radiation, freezing temperatures, and low atmospheric pressure, scientists hope these organisms could eventually survive on Mars as well.
According to Dr. Erika DeBenedictis, these engineered microbes could spread across the surface in algae-like layers within decades. As they carried out photosynthesis, they would slowly begin changing the atmosphere.
That process would take an enormous amount of time. The workshop summary estimates that producing enough oxygen naturally to support complex life would require around one thousand years. In the meantime, people would likely live inside domed habitats about 100 meters tall, where breathable oxygen could be generated through photosynthesis or water electrolysis.
Big Questions Still Need Answers
Researchers still do not know what lies beneath Mars’s vast ice sheets, and the report says much more work is needed to understand how the planet’s famous dust storms might behave if the climate became warmer and wetter.
Another open question involves resources. The document notes that scientists have yet to determine whether Mars contains enough of the materials needed for large-scale water electrolysis or whether they would have to be transported from Earth.
The report also highlights the possibility that changing Mars forever could erase parts of its natural history before scientists have fully studied them. It also raises the question of what would happen if microscopic Martian life already exists, since introducing organisms from Earth could destroy it before it is even discovered.
At the same time, the workshop summary notes that research carried out for future Mars missions could also benefit Earth. It points to technologies such as desiccation-resistant crops, closed-loop life support systems, and environmentally friendly systems developed for space exploration as examples of innovations that could have applications much closer to home.
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