Германы шүүхэд эхэлсэн энэхүү хэрэг нь ОХУ-ын дэд бүтцийг цэргийн хууль ёсны бай гэж үзэх эсэх талаарх хууль зүйн маргааныг өрнүүлж, дипломат харилцаанд сорилт үүсгэж байна.
Украины цэргийн албан хаагч асан, 50 настай Сергей Кузнецовыг 2022 оны есдүгээр сард ОХУ-аас Европ руу чиглэсэн “Nord Stream” хийн хоолойг дэлбэлсэн хэрэгт холбогдуулан Германд шүүж байна. Прокурорын зүгээс түүнийг Украины цэргийнхэнтэй хамтран нууц ажиллагаа явуулж, иргэний дэд бүтцийг сүйтгэсэн гэж үзэж байгаа бөгөөд энэ үйлдэл нь дайны гэмт хэрэгт тооцогдоно гэж мэдэгджээ.
Шүүгдэгчийн өмгөөлөгчид хэргийг хэрэгсэхгүй болгох хүсэлт гаргахдаа, тухайн үед ОХУ-ын зэвсэг хэрэгсэл болж байсан хийн хоолойг “түрэмгийлэгчийн дэд бүтэц” хэмээн тодорхойлж, үүнийг устгах нь хууль ёсны байж болзошгүй гэж маргав. Кузнецов шүүх хурал дээр дуугүй байх эрхээ эдэлж байгаа бөгөөд өмгөөлөгчид нь Украины төрийн нууцыг задруулах боломжгүй тул хамгаалалтаа бүрэн гүйцэд хийхэд хүндрэлтэй байгааг онцолжээ.
Германы мөрдөн байцаалтын ажиллагаагаар Кузнецов Польшоор дамжин Герман улсад хуурамч паспортоор нэвтэрч, Росток хотоос түрээсэлсэн завиар дамжуулан Балтын тэнгисийн ёроолд тэсрэх бодис байрлуулсан байж болзошгүй гэж үзэж байна. Энэхүү ажиллагаанд Украины төрийн байгууллагууд холбоотой байж болзошгүй гэх сэжиг нь Германы засгийн газрын хувьд улс төрийн хувьд эвгүй байдлыг бий болгоод байгаа юм.
Шүүх хурал ирэх хоёрдугаар сар хүртэл үргэлжлэх төлөвтэй байна. Энэхүү үйл явц нь Германы дотоодын улс төрд ч нөлөөлж байгаа бөгөөд “Alternative for Germany” (AfD) нам Украин руу үзүүлж буй цэргийн тусламжийг зогсоож, ОХУ-тай эрчим хүчний харилцаагаа сэргээхийг уриалсаар байна.
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Lawyers for a Ukrainian ex-military officer accused of leading the bombing of Russia‘s Nord Stream pipeline in September 2022 argued at the start of his trial in Germany on Wednesday that “an aggressor’s infrastructure“ may have been a lawful target.
Serhii Kuznetsov is accused of leading a group of Ukrainian agents including divers and an explosives expert that blew up Russia‘s largest gas pipeline to Europe in one of the biggest infrastructure sabotage operations of modern times.
The case provides the first opportunity for a public hearing of evidence gathered during a years-long investigation, which has been diplomatically and politically awkward for a German government that remains staunchly supportive of Ukraine despite the investigative trail linking Kyiv to the bombing.
Moving to have the case dismissed, Kuznetsov’s lawyer Nicola Canestrini argued that the pipeline — which provided half of Germany’s imports of natural gas before Russia‘s 2022 invasion of Ukraine — was a “Russian weapon.”
“Is it unlawful to destroy an aggressor’s infrastructure without harming any human beings?” Canestrini asked.
Right to remain silent
Prosecutors have alleged that Kuznetsov, who was arrested under an international warrant in Italy last year, worked with members of the Ukrainian military to plan the clandestine operation on behalf of unidentified Ukrainian state entities.
Kuznetsov, 50, who prior to Wednesday was referred to publicly only as Serhii K. under German legal rules, has denied any involvement in the blasts that ruptured the 1,200-kilometer (750-mile)-long Baltic Sea pipeline.
Wearing a grey suit and with a shaved head, he exercised his right to remain silent in court but did not cover his face. His lawyers said he could not mount a proper defense because he was obliged to withhold Ukrainian state secrets.
The government in Kyiv has also denied any involvement, a sensitive point in its relations with Germany, Ukraine’s largest European supplier of military aid. Russia said on Monday it expected a “just verdict” that would reveal the names of the perpetrators and those who ordered the operation.
Kuznetsov’s legal team had tried reaching out to Ukraine for information that might assist the defense but heard nothing, according to another defense lawyer, Jes Meyer-Lohkamp.
Attacking civilian targets is considered a war crime
German prosecutors say the actions Kuznetsov is accused of — attacking civilian targets and causing explosions that destroyed infrastructure and damaged public services — would amount to a war crime.
Kuznetsov is the only person on trial, but Croatian authorities have arrested another man, identified as Vladimir Z., who prosecutors believe was one of the divers.
The explosion of Nord Stream sealed the end of Germany’s longstanding dependence on Russian natural gas, although Moscow had already cut supplies over Berlin’s support for European sanctions following Russia‘s invasion of Ukraine.
Nord Stream’s supply had been due to double with the opening of a twin pipeline, Nord Stream 2, already built, but Berlin canceled approval to open it just prior to Russia‘s invasion.
Plumes of methane gas
The trial, expected to continue into February next year, could have domestic political implications.
Germany’s far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD), leading in opinion polls for more than a year, has called for an end to military aid for Ukraine and a restoration of energy ties with Moscow.
Although German state parliaments have no role in foreign policy, the AfD filed a motion in the eastern state of Saxony-Anhalt on Wednesday calling for an end to support for Ukraine, noting the “historical parallel” with the start of the trial.
The Nord Stream system, lying at a depth of 80 to 110 meters under the Baltic and built by Russian gas concern Gazprom to supply up to 110 billion cubic meters of gas to Germany, was formerly at the core of economic ties between the two countries.
The Sept. 26, 2022,blasts that ruptured three of the four concrete-coated steel pipelinescreated a giant whirlpool at sea as huge plumes of methane gas roseinto the atmosphere.
Prosecutors allege that Kuznetsov traveled to Germany through Poland some three weeks before the attack, using a forged Ukrainian passport. He and his group then used a sailboat hired in the northern German city of Rostock to reach an area close to the Danish island of Bornholm, where they rigged specialized military-grade explosives to the sea floor.
The weekly Der Spiegel magazine and ZDF public television have previously reported that five men and one woman were on the rented yacht Andromeda, which left Rostock on Sept. 6 and returned on Sept. 23, 2022.
