Эрдэмтэд Нептун гарагийн цаана орших ED138 хэмээх тэнгэрийн эрхсийг нээсэн бөгөөд уг биет одой гарагийн ангилалд багтаж болзошгүй байна.
Харвард-Смитсоны Астрофизикийн төвийн судлаач Мэттью Холман 2026 оны аравдугаар сарын 13-ны өдөр Rubin Observatory-ийн цуглуулсан өгөгдөлд дүн шинжилгээ хийх явцдаа энэхүү биетийг анх илрүүлжээ. Судлаачдын баг 2016 оноос хойших архивын баримтуудыг нарийвчлан судалсны дүнд уг биетийн сүүлийн арван жилийн хөдөлгөөнийг сэргээн тогтоосон байна. ED138 нь Сүүн замын оддын бөөгнөрөл дотор байрлаж байсан тул ажиглалтад өртөхгүй удаан хугацаанд нуугдаж байжээ.
Одон орон судлаачид ED138-ийг одоогоор Нептуны цаадах биет гэж тодорхойлж байгаа ч одой гараг мөн эсэхийг нь эцэслэн тогтоогоогүй байна. Одой гараг гэж үзэхийн тулд уг биетийн хэмжээг нарийвчлан хэмжиж, өөрийн таталцлын хүчээр бөмбөрцөг хэлбэртэй болсон эсэхийг батлах шаардлагатай юм. Хэрэв шаардлага хангавал ED138 нь Церера, Плутон, Хаумеа, Макемаке, Эрида зэрэг Олон улсын одон орон судлалын холбооны хүлээн зөвшөөрсөн одой гарагуудын эгнээнд нэгдэх болно.
Нарны аймаг нь ердөө найман гараг болон тэдгээрийн дагуулаас гадна одой гараг, астероид, сүүлт од зэрэг олон жижиг биетүүдээс бүрдсэн өргөн уудам бүтэцтэй юм. Одоогоор судлаачид одой гарагийн шинж чанарт нийцэж болзошгүй олон арван биетийг илрүүлээд байгаа бөгөөд тэдгээрийн дотор Гонггонг, Кваоар, Седна, Оркус зэрэг алдартай нэр дэвшигчид багтаж байна. Гэсэн хэдий ч алс хол орших эдгээр биетийн хэмжээ, массыг шууд хэмжих, улмаар тэдгээрийн хэлбэрийг тодорхойлох нь технологийн хувьд томоохон сорилт хэвээр байна.
Дэлгэрэнгүйг эх сурвалжаас харах
↓Эх сурвалжийг нээх ↓
The difference between a planet and a dwarf planet is largely their environment. While both orbit the sun and have sufficient gravity to assume a nearly spherical shape, a planet has cleared its orbit of other bodies of comparable size. Dwarf planets, on the other hand, coexist with other objects in the region of the solar system they traverse. This is the main reason why Pluto ceased to be considered a planet in 2006 and was reclassified as a dwarf planet.
Matthew Holman, a researcher at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics and a member of the observatory’s operations team, identified the object on October 13 while analyzing data collected by Rubin in 2026. A more thorough search allowed the team to locate additional observations in archived records dating back to 2016. Thanks to this set of images, the team was able to reconstruct more than a decade of the object’s trajectory.
Astronomers explain that ED138 had managed to “hide” from us because its position in the night sky is against the disk of the Milky Way, which we usually see as a thick band of millions of stars. This concentrated brightness makes it difficult to distinguish fainter objects, but the Rubin Observatory’s enormous amounts of data made it possible to identify the object amid that sea of light.
Though ED138 appears to have the right characteristics, astronomers have yet to confirm whether it is a dwarf planet. For now, astronomers know it is a trans-Neptunian object, but they need to determine its size more precisely to establish whether its own gravity is sufficient to give it a nearly spherical shape. If it meets the requirements, ED138 would join the group of five dwarf planets recognized by the International Astronomical Union: Ceres, Pluto, Haumea, Makemake, and Eris.
It is also not the only celestial body awaiting possible classification as a dwarf planet. Astronomers have identified dozens of objects in the outer solar system that, based on their size and other characteristics, could meet the criteria. Among the best-known candidates are Gonggong, Quaoar, Sedna, and Orcus. Experts acknowledge that the list could be even longer.
Confirming them as dwarf planets is no easy task. The enormous distance at which they lie makes it difficult to directly measure their size and mass and, above all, to determine whether their own gravity has given them a nearly spherical shape. To obtain high-resolution images of Pluto, for example, the New Horizons probe had to be sent to its vicinity—a journey that took nearly nine and a half years from its launch in 2006 to its flyby in 2015. Three years later, it reached the object Arrokoth, a small planetesimal even farther away.
The solar system is often depicted as a star surrounded by eight planets, but in reality it is a much more extensive and populous structure. In addition to planets and moons, it contains dwarf planets, asteroids, comets, and a vast number of small bodies that extend far beyond Neptune. The Kuiper Belt extends to approximately 50 astronomical units, while the scattered disk reaches nearly 1,000. Much farther out lies the Oort Cloud, a region we have never directly observed and that could extend up to about 100,000 astronomical units from the sun.
This story originally appeared on WIRED en Español and has been translated from Spanish.
