Одон орон судлаачид анх энгийн мэт санагдсан гамма туяаны дэлбэрэлт хожим хэрхэн хүчирхэг эрчим хүч ялгаруулах болсныг судалж байна.
2026 оны гуравдугаар сарын 10-нд NASA-гийн Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope сансрын дуран авай GRB 260310A нэртэй дэлбэрэлтийг илрүүлжээ. Эхний 53 секунд үргэлжилсэн гамма туяаны цацаргалт нь харьцангуй сул байсан ч удалгүй уг үзэгдэл сүүлийн 20 жилд бүртгэгдсэн хамгийн тод гэрэлтэлтүүдийн нэг болж хувирсан байна. Rome Tor Vergata их сургуулийн BHianca судалгааны багийнхан уг дэлбэрэлт анх харагдсанаасаа хавьгүй илүү хүчтэй байсныг тогтоожээ.
Судлаачдын үзэж буйгаар дэлбэрэлтийн дараах гэрэлтэлт нь гамма туяаны дэлбэрэлтүүдийн хамгийн тод 1 хувьд, харин радио долгионы цацаргалт нь 5 хувьд багтсан байна. Гурван долоо хоногийн дараа уг дэлбэрэлтийн рентген туяаны гэрэлтэлт дахин эрчимжиж, хэдэн долоо хоногийн турш үргэлжилсэн нь эрдэмтдийн анхаарлыг татжээ. Энэхүү үзэгдлийг тайлбарлахдаа эрдэмтэд дэлбэрэлтийн тийрэлтэт урсгалын чиглэлтэй холбон тайлбарлаж байна.
Уг дэлбэрэлт нь асар том од мөхөх үед үүсдэг бөгөөд гэрлийн хурдтай ойролцоо хурдаар хөдөлдөг нарийн тийрэлтэт урсгалыг бий болгодог аж. Судлаач Ю-Хан Янгын тайлбарласнаар, тийрэлтэт урсгал нь гар чийдэнгийн гэрэл шиг төв хэсгээрээ хамгийн тод байдаг тул бидний ажиглалтын өнцгөөс шалтгаалан эхэндээ сул мэт санагджээ. Эрдэмтэд уг дэлбэрэлтийг нарийн, хүчтэй цөм болон түүнийг тойрсон удаан урсгалаас бүрдсэн бүтэцтэй гэж таамаглаж байгаа бөгөөд энэ нь рентген туяаны гэрэлтэлт яагаад хожим нэмэгдсэнийг тайлбарлаж болох юм.
Энэхүү судалгаанд Chandra X-ray Observatory, XMM-Newton, Einstein Probe болон бусад олон дуран авайг ашиглан мэдээлэл цуглуулжээ. Calar Alto Observatory-ийн ажиглалтаар уг үзэгдлийг супернова дэлбэрэлттэй холбоотой болохыг баталсан байна. Судлаачид энэхүү дэлбэрэлт нь Нарны нэг тэрбум жилийн турш ялгаруулах эрчим хүчтэй тэнцэх хэмжээний энергийг маш нарийн чиглэлд цацруулсан байж болзошгүй гэж үзэж байгаа ч тийрэлтэт урсгалын ягштал бүтэц нь одоогоор тодорхойгүй хэвээр байна.
Дэлгэрэнгүйг эх сурвалжаас харах
↓Эх сурвалжийг нээх ↓
A mysterious explosion in space surprised astronomers when it suddenly grew brighter in X-rays three weeks after the initial blast. What first seemed like a fairly ordinary gamma-ray burst ended up producing one of the brightest afterglows seen in 20 years. Now, scientists think a powerful jet hidden from Earth’s view could explain what happened.
The explosion, known as GRB 260310A, was spotted on March 10, 2026, by NASA’s Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. Its first flash of gamma rays lasted around 53 seconds and didn’t appear particularly powerful. But what happened next was anything but ordinary.
A team of international researchers, led by the ERC-funded BHianca group at the University of Rome Tor Vergata, took a closer look at the event. Their study, published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters, indicates that the explosion was much more energetic than it initially looked. The reason may simply come down to the angle from which Earth saw it.
A Quiet Start Followed By A Big Surprise
When GRB 260310A first appeared, there was little to suggest it would become such an unusual event. Its initial gamma-ray signal was relatively weak compared with other explosions of this kind. Then its afterglow started getting brighter. Over the following hours, the visible light from the explosion kept intensifying until it outshone the galaxy where it happened. Observations at other wavelengths revealed an even stranger picture.
According to the research, its optical and X-ray afterglows ranked among the brightest 1% of previously observed gamma-ray bursts. Its radio emission also stood out, ranking among the brightest 5%. But the biggest surprise arrived about three weeks later. Instead of continuing to fade, the X-ray afterglow brightened again and stayed unusually luminous for more than a week. Astronomers could still detect it months afterward.
“We see hundreds of GRBs every year, but the oddballs are the most informative ones,” said Roberto Ricci, who led the radio observations, in a statement. The team “could explain individual features of this burst, but fitting them all into the same picture proved much harder.”
What Made This Cosmic Explosion So Powerful?
Gamma-ray bursts are among the most energetic explosions in the universe. Some happen when massive stars collapse, launching narrow jets of material that travel at almost the speed of light. These jets produce radiation as they collide with gas around the explosion. But there’s an interesting detail: how bright they look depends heavily on the direction they’re pointing.
A jet aimed almost straight at Earth appears extremely bright. Seen from the side, that same jet can look much weaker. Yu-Han Yang, the study’s lead author, this viewing angle could explain why GRB 260310A seemed so ordinary at first.
“Much like a flashlight, the jet appears brightest when seen head-on. Most of our models are calibrated using events seen from that same perspective. This burst gave us a chance to look beyond that glare,” Yang explained.
The researchers believe the explosion produced a jet with a narrow, powerful core surrounded by a wider, slower-moving outflow. At first, Earth mainly received light from the outer parts of the jet. But as the material slowed down, radiation from the powerful inner core became visible from a wider range of angles. That could explain why the X-rays suddenly grew brighter weeks later. The exact structure of the jet is still uncertain, but the model helps make sense of the explosion’s unusual behavior.
A Cosmic Blast With Hidden Power
To figure out what happened, the team gathered observations from several major telescopes, including NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory, ESA’s XMM-Newton, the Einstein Probe, the Large Binocular Telescope, and the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array. Observations from Calar Alto Observatory also revealed signs of a supernova, confirming that the gamma-ray burst was linked to the death of a massive star.
And when researchers put all the data together, they found something remarkable. The explosion may have packed roughly a billion years’ worth of the Sun’s energy output into a pencil-thin beam.
“What appeared to us as an unremarkable GRB might have looked like a monster explosion to an observer looking straight down the jet’s core,” Yang said.
However, how many other powerful explosions are astronomers missing simply because their jets aren’t pointing toward Earth? Graduate student Muskan Yadav, who worked on the study, said:
“Upcoming surveys will pick up hundreds of them. Identifying them among millions of variable sources won’t be easy, but it’s a challenge I’m excited to take on.”
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