Аляскийн нисгэгч Кеннет Жуппийн онгоцыг хураах шийдвэрийг АНУ-ын Дээд шүүхээр хянан хэлэлцэхээр болсон нь хууль зүйн томоохон маргаан үүсгэж байна.
Аляскийн нисгэгч Кеннет Жуппи 2012 оны дөрөвдүгээр сард зорчигчийн хамт согтууруулах ундаа тээвэрлэсэн хэргээр ял шийтгүүлсний дараа муж улсын эрх баригчид түүний 95 мянган долларын үнэ бүхий 1969 оны Cessna онгоцыг хураан авах шийдвэр гаргажээ. Аляскийн Дээд шүүхээс уг шийдвэрийг эрүүгийн хуулийн дагуу зөвтгөсөн ч К.Жуппи энэ нь АНУ-ын Үндсэн хуулийн наймдугаар нэмэлт өөрчлөлтөд заасан “хэт өндөр торгууль ногдуулахыг хориглосон” заалтыг зөрчиж байна хэмээн үзэж байна.
Өдгөө 80 гаруй настай К.Жуппи болон түүний өмгөөлөгчид онгоц хураах нь үйлдсэн гэмт хэрэгтэй нь харьцуулашгүй хэт өндөр шийтгэл гэж маргаж байгаа бол Аляскийн прокурорын байгууллагаас тус бүс нутагт согтууруулах ундааны хор уршиг их тул хууль бус тээвэрлэлтэд хатуу арга хэмжээ авах шаардлагатай гэж үзэж байна. Уг хэргийн хэлэлцүүлэг энэ намрын хугацаанд болох төлөвтэй байна.
Энэхүү хэрэг нь төрийн байгууллагын эрх мэдлийн хязгаар болон гэмт хэргийн шинж чанарт тохирсон шийтгэл ногдуулах зарчмыг хэрхэн тайлбарлах вэ гэдэг асуудлыг хөндөж байгаагаараа онцлог юм. АНУ-ын Дээд шүүхийн гаргах шийдвэр нь цаашид муж улсуудын эд хөрөнгө хураах үйл ажиллагаанд томоохон жишиг болох магадлалтай байна.
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The Supreme Court has agreed to hear a unique and significant case involving an Alaska bush pilot whose $95,000 airplane faces seizure after a passenger brought a six-pack of beer onto a flight bound for a dry village.
Pilot Kenneth Jouppi was convicted of an alcohol-related misdemeanor. Following this, state authorities moved to confiscate his 1969 Cessna, a decision previously upheld by the Alaska Supreme Court under criminal forfeiture laws.
Jouppi is challenging this seizure, arguing that taking his aircraft would violate the Eighth Amendment’s “Excessive Fines Clause,” which prohibits excessive fines.
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“I’m in my 80s now, and I’ve been fighting this for over a decade because I see it as my duty to ensure that the Bill of Rights actually means something in protecting against government overreach,” Jouppi said in a statement released by his attorneys at the Institute for Justice.
Arguments before the nation’s highest court are anticipated this fall.
In April 2012, Jouppi was preparing to fly a passenger from Fairbanks to a remote village, Beaver, where alcohol was banned. The passenger had packed beer with other groceries in her luggage. State Police troopers searched Jouppi’s plane before it departed and spotted a six-pack of Budweiser in a shopping bag.
Jouppi, his company and the passenger were charged with a misdemeanor offense of knowingly transporting an alcoholic beverage into a dry community. The passenger pleaded guilty. A jury convicted Jouppi and the company after a trial. A judge sentenced him to three days in jail.
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Jouppi’s attorneys say Alaska’s high court examined his conduct “purely in abstract terms” and didn’t evaluate whether it was part of a broader pattern of criminal activity. And they say it wasn’t.
“Few excessive fines cases will present the issue so sharply; a decision upholding the forfeiture of an airplane for a six-pack is a self-recommending candidate for review,” lawyers from the Institute for Justice wrote in their appeal.
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In response, lawyers from the Alaska Attorney General’s office argued that the state Supreme Court’s “fact-bound decision” should be allowed to stand.
“Courts across the country apply a multi-factor test to determine whether a fine or forfeiture is grossly disproportional to the gravity of the offense,” they wrote. “Jouppi does not claim that the four-part standard applied by the Alaska Supreme Court is wrong, only that the court misapplied settled law by giving too much weight to some factors and not enough weight to others.”
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Jouppi’s attorneys argue that the ruling from the state’s highest court conflicts with case law established in other courts, including U.S. Supreme Court precedent.
“The Excessive Fines Clause was built for cases like this,” they said.
Alaska’s attorneys said Jouppi hasn’t shown how punishing him with forfeiture of his plane is “grossly disproportional to the gravity of his offense.”
“Alcohol abuse is a serious problem in rural Alaska, and airplanes are sometimes the only realistic means to commit the crime of alcohol importation,” they wrote.
