Хөлбөмбөгчдийн амарч амжихгүй болсон шалтгаан болон гэрээний нөхцөл

With the World Cup now over, football’s top international players can finally enjoy some much-needed downtime before the new season starts next month.

Yet for the sport’s biggest stars, a chance to unwind properly between one campaign ending and the next one kicking off is becoming increasingly difficult to find.

A packed calendar has put greater demands on the players. The expansion of the World Cup from 32 teams to 48 for this edition is one factor, with the potential for this to become 64 at the 2030 tournament likely to exacerbate the issue. The introduction of a new competition at the end of the European season, FIFA’s greatly expanded Club World Cup (though this is once every four years), is another reason why many players’ time off is more squeezed than ever.

But what are footballers actually entitled to when it comes to annual leave? What does a typical contract say about this issue? When do they tend to take their holiday, and do disputes over them ever arise?

And with the players’ unions calling for a minimum 28-day break before a new season starts, how would that work in an already congested schedule?

The Athletic spoke to legal experts to find out.

What does a footballer’s contract say about annual leave?

“The starting point is players are employees, so they’re technically entitled to the minimum statutory employment annual leave that everyone else is — but they’re obviously in a very unique industry,” Alex Clarke, who leads Onside Law’s employment practice in the UK, tells The Athletic. “So they’ve got a right to five weeks’ holiday — that’s a contractual right.”

Clarke says players could, in theory, ask to take their holiday whenever they wanted — for example, they could ask for two weeks off in the middle of the season.

However, the reality is their club would always reject that — and have the right to turn such requests down.

What happens instead, Clarke says, is that footballers always take all their vacation time in the off-season — the period after a campaign has ended and before they report back for pre-season.

Clarke also explains that a player’s contract gives them the right to at least three consecutive weeks of annual leave, something a club cannot unreasonably refuse — although this is subject to first-team commitments and any international-team duties.

“What generally happens is the players will take at least three weeks of those five weeks in one go over the summer, or more than that if they don’t have international commitments,” he says. “That’s almost always what happens, because we don’t have a winter break in the UK.

“Clubs do generally insist the players do that. So the club basically closes down for the players, other than if they want to go in and use the gym and stuff like that. But they all go off at the same time and keep themselves fit away from the club.”

Dan Chapman, partner and head of sport and employment at legal firm Leathes Prior, explains how the holiday year for footballers runs from July 1 through to June 30. “It’s not calculated on a calendar-year basis, like perhaps most employees are used to having,” he says.

Chapman says most players report for a final day of training at some point in May, perhaps for end-of-season physical testing, and then return to work for pre-season in late June or early July.

“There may be certain days where they might have to go in for fitness tests during that period, or medical treatment, but they will be told, ‘Your contractual holiday is now running from this date through to that date’. And most clubs therefore discharge most, if not all, of the five weeks in one chunk during that period.

“I was talking to a player at a Premier League club the other day. They went back for pre-season training on July 4. They had finished the previous season around mid-May, if not early May. And so when you look at that, actually, I think the players got about seven weeks off. That’s how it is normally satisfied, because of the break between the two seasons.”

Chapman says it is still possible for players to ask for days off during the season.

“That’s quite rare, but I’ve seen instances where it has happened,” he says. “I remember a player last season at a club who wanted to go back to Ireland for some particular family reasons. He asked to take two days’ holiday and to miss some training. The club looked at it and thought there were some compelling circumstances, so they granted the player two days’ holiday. But that’s at the club’s discretion. They could have said, ‘No, you’re having all of your holiday at the end of the season’.”

How does it work for the top players?

This is where things get a little more complicated.

FIFPro, the global representative organisation for professional footballers, felt this was where the greatest protection was needed.

In FIFPro’s view, the problem is that a near-continuous calendar featuring major summer tournaments makes it almost impossible for players involved to know when one season has finished and the next begins. It points out that some World Cup players are already back in action for their clubs in qualifying matches for the three European competitions.

Clarke says elite players are entitled to three consecutive weeks of annual leave, like any other player, but if they have commitments such as Nations League matches or the Club World Cup, the team involved would not be in breach if individuals are not able to take all that time off.

In that scenario, he says, the player’s post-internationals break should ideally be extended, so they can start pre-season later. However, he adds that the reality is many players generally prefer to train and many won’t take their full holiday entitlement.

“The contract says you can take five weeks, but ultimately if the player decides not to, that’s on the player,” Clarke explains. “So a player could insist on their contractual right to take these five weeks (including three consecutively in the summer). They absolutely have the right to do that, and usually it would be unreasonable for a club to refuse after a long season and then international commitments over the summer. But if the club say, ‘Pre-season starts on X day and we expect everyone to be there’, most players are probably not going to say, ‘I’m not turning up’.

“I suspect some do say, ‘I need a bit of extra time’, but the reality is they’d rather be in the front of the manager’s thinking at pre-season, not giving them a reason not to pick them. Also, a lot of the players are so much driven by performance and fitness that they want to be getting ready for the season anyway.”

FIFPro also highlighted that many players are given intense post-season workout and conditioning plans, making it hard to fully switch off.

Citing Declan Rice as an example, Chapman says Arsenal might try to grant him three weeks’ holiday now, following his return from getting to the final weekend of the World Cup with England.

“I would imagine he probably got, at most, a week off between the end of the Arsenal season (they played in the Champions League final on May 31) and having to report for England duty, and I doubt he had any holiday during the season,” Chapman says. But combined with the time off Rice will be enjoying now, that could still mean Arsenal get close to fulfilling his annual-leave allowance.

“They might then need to find some more days over the course of the season, but you can do that,” he says. “There are days when you hear managers saying, ‘I’m giving the players Monday off, we’ve won unexpectedly on Saturday’ — all of those days where, at short notice, the club have given the players a day off can count as holiday as well.”

Clarke says clubs do occasionally give players a day off during the week, but with the number of matches elite players have to take part in, they are still often required to show up for team meetings and analysis sessions. That makes it tricky to build up additional days of leave.

Do players ever complain and do disputes occur?

Both Clarke and Chapman agree it is virtually unheard of for players to object to how this process works.

“The only time I’ve seen a player raise it with a club is when he was on the way out as part of a dispute over loads of things after being frozen out as part of the ‘Bomb squad’,” Clarke says. “He just wanted a way out and was arguing it as another thing the club had done wrong, by not letting him take his holiday over a period of years.”

However, Clarke says this is extremely rare, and the main way it gets brought up is by the unions.

Chapman has never seen the issue raised by a player, but has come across it among backroom staff and managers. He says those roles can make it harder to take annual leave, as their work often continues even when there are no more games to play.

“I’ve had a dispute where a manager, once he was dismissed, brought a claim because they said, ‘Well, I didn’t even get an off-season because as soon as the season’s over, I’m into recruitment meetings, the chairman phones me five times a day, and so on, whereas the players get to go to Ibiza and do nothing’. Managers and coaches actually find it more difficult to take holiday.”

What have the players’ unions said?

Players’ unions, including FIFPro, have long called for a statutory minimum break of 28 consecutive days, followed by a minimum 28-day retraining period. They argue that football currently has no specific safeguards in place for the players.

That issue came to light last year, during the first edition of the expanded 32-team Club World Cup in June and July, when concerns were raised around players’ welfare.

Shortly after that tournament, FIFPro released its annual Player Workload Monitoring report. This revealed Chelsea and Paris Saint-Germain, the two eventual finalists in that competition in the United States, gave their players only 20 and 22 days off respectively. They had then just 13 and seven days of pre-season training before the two clubs’ 2025-26 campaigns got up and running.

As previously reported by The Athletic, the report showed how that contrasted unfavourably with other sports. For example, an NBA finalist was given 14 weeks in the basketball league’s off-season, while a baseball player involved in the World Series got 15.

“For us, as players, it’s vitally important that we have the recovery period to allow the body to adapt and go again,” Nottingham Forest and New Zealand striker Chris Wood, who is a member of FIFPro’s global player council, previously told reporters, including The Athletic.

Chapman says there are concerns over player burnout and the increased risk of injury. “So you can see why the union would want a mandatory 28-day break,” he says.

He explains how other sports have adopted such measures.

“In Formula 1, for example, they introduced a compulsory summer shutdown (halfway through the season) because of the gruelling nature of the grid — not just for the drivers but for all the support staff. It’s illegal to do any work during that period. You have to literally close your factories, and everyone has to have a break. It’s only two weeks, but it’s a mandatory shutdown.”

He says F1 brought in the measure because its off-season had become shorter, with the final race of a campaign taking place in mid-December and pre-season testing beginning in early January.

“I could see something, in theory, would make sense in football,” Chapman says. “But, obviously, money talks.”