Европ даяар нүүрлэсэн ган гачиг, хэт халалтын улмаас усны түвшин эрс буурч, түүхэн дурсгалт зүйлс болон цэргийн зориулалттай хөлөг онгоцнууд голын ёроолоос ил гарч эхэллээ.
Серби улсын Сремска-Митровица хотын ойролцоох Сава голоос 1913 онд Будапештэд үйлдвэрлэсэн, Дэлхийн хоёрдугаар дайны үед ашиглагдаж байсан “Slovenian” нэртэй уурын хөдөлгүүрт чирэгч хөлөг онгоцны их бие илэрчээ. Түүхч Андрия Поповичийн мэдээлснээр, уг хөлөг нь дайны төгсгөл үед шархадсан цэргүүдийг зөөвөрлөхөд ашиглагдаж байгаад 1945 оны дөрөвдүгээр сард Германы минд өртөж сүйрсэн байна. Энэхүү хөлөг нь дайны дараах нөхөн төлбөрийн хүрээнд Югослав улсын өмч болон шилжиж байсан түүхтэй.
Даниб мөрний усны түвшин түүхэн дэх хамгийн доод түвшиндээ хүрснээс болж Унгар, Румын зэрэг улсын цөмийн цахилгаан станцуудын үйл ажиллагаа болон олон улсын тээврийн усан замын сүлжээнд хүндрэл үүсээд байна. Мөн Даниб мөрний сав газраас нацист Германы хар тэнгисийн флотод харьяалагдаж байсан, зэр зэвсэг ачсан хөлөг онгоцнуудын үлдэгдэл илэрсэн нь тухайн үеийн цэргийн ажиллагааны ул мөрийг тодорхой болгож байна.
Европын холбооны Коперник уур амьсгалын өөрчлөлтийн албаны мэдээллээр, Европ тив 1980-аад оноос хойш дэлхийн дундаж үзүүлэлтээс хоёр дахин хурдан халалттай нүүр тулж байна. 2026 оны долоодугаар сарын сүүлчийн байдлаар Европын холбооны нутаг дэвсгэрийн тал хувь нь ган гачигт нэрвэгдээд байгаа бөгөөд мэргэжилтнүүд уур амьсгалын өөрчлөлт нь ийм төрлийн байгалийн гамшгийн давтамж, хүчтэй байдлыг улам нэмэгдүүлж байгааг анхааруулж байна.
Дэлгэрэнгүйг эх сурвалжаас харах
↓Эх сурвалжийг нээх ↓
As prolonged extreme heat dries up rivers across Europe, the remains of a steam tugboat from the early 1900s have become the latest historic artefact to emerge.
The corroded hull, a vessel once known as the Slovenian, re-emerged earlier this month from the Sava River near Sremska Mitrovica, Serbia, 70 kilometres (45 miles) northwest of Belgrade.
Although parts have broken the surface previously, residents say the wreck has never been so fully exposed.
“It’s been several years since it was last seen, so there is quite an interest,” said historian Andrija Popovic, who is the head of the town museum.
“It’s truly something you don’t see every day,” he added.
Local Serbian media have nicknamed the boat “Sava’s Titanic”.
A range of relics, including military vessels, mammoth bones and ancient structural remains, have surfaced from falling waters along the Danube, Rhine and other waterways.
The intense drought has also disrupted trade, power generation and local water supplies.
Record-low water on the Danube has severely affected nuclear power plants in Hungary and Romania while bringing shipping to a halt along Europe’s second-largest river.
Meanwhile, months of dry weather have ruined crops from Bosnia to the Netherlands and led to water shortages extending into the Alps.
The Slovenian survived two World Wars
According to Mr Popovic, the Slovenian was made in 1913 in a shipyard in Budapest, Hungary, which was then part of the Austro-Hungarian empire.
It measured roughly 54 metres (177 feet) in length and was initially named Vag, which is Hungarian for Slovakia’s longest river, Vah. With a steam engine, the boat pulled heavy cargo between Budapest and other towns along the Danube.
During the Second World War, the boat largely paused its routes, Mr Popovic added.
As the war ended and the Austro-Hungarian empire was dismantled, the boat’s ownership switched to the newly formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians – which would later become Yugoslavia – as part of war reparations, he said.
“This is when it was renamed the Slovenian,” Mr Popovic said, adding that it is a mystery “why this name was chosen”.
Then, during World War II, the Slovenian – and its new country – came under Nazi German occupation. After Yugoslav anti-fascist forces liberated Belgrade in 1944, they used the boat to transfer the wounded and equipment while pushing German troops further west, Mr Popovic said.
The boat was carrying wounded fighters when it hit a German mine in late April 1945, Mr Popovic said.
“It sank and has stayed in the same place since that day.”
The Danube gives up its ghosts
The Slovenian is not the only relic that has emerged from Europe’s drying rivers.
On Serbia’s eastern border with Romania, rusty remains of German ships are sticking out from the slumped Danube waters.
Some still laden with weapons, the ships belonged to Nazi Germany’s Black Sea fleet that was deliberately sunk near the end of the war as German troops retreated from Romania and Soviet forces advanced deeper into Europe.
In Italy, the worst drought in 70 years has exposed the piers of an ancient bridge over the Tiber River once used by Roman emperors but which fell into disrepair by the third century.
As the Danube waters shrank in Bulgaria, researchers were thrilled to find and recover a jawbone, tusks, a shoulder blade, ribs and other bone fragments belonging to an extinct woolly mammoth, buried deep in the sand.
Climate change hits Europe hard
Europe is the world’s fastest-warming continent, with temperatures increasing twice as fast as the global average since the 1980s, according to the European Union’s Copernicus Climate Change Service.
Half of the European Union and the United Kingdom was experiencing drought by late July 2026, according to the EU’s European Drought Observatory, with 9 per cent of the territory at the most severe “alert” level.
Scientists warn that climate change is exacerbating the frequency and intensity of heat and dryness.
Serbian hydrology expert Dejan Vladikovic said that the current drought is the combination of a lack of winter snow and a very dry spring.
“What awaits us in the future … is that such situations will be more frequent,” he said. “We are entering periods when this will, unfortunately, become a new normalcy.”
Even the mountains are suffering. In the Slovenian Alps, lodges that depend on rainwater have restricted the use of water for climbers and hikers, including for showers and toilets.
The Triglav Lodge, Slovenia’s highest-altitude guest hut at an elevation of 2,515 metres (8,251 feet), is using paper plates this summer to save water on dishes.
