Олон улсын хуулийн 130 гаруй шинжээч Израйлийн суурингуудын эсрэг Их Британийн авсан хориг арга хэмжээ нь олон улсын өмнө хүлээсэн үүрэгт хүрэхгүй байна гэж мэдэгджээ.
Их Британийн Гадаад хэргийн сайд Эд Милибэнд өнгөрсөн долоо хоногт Палестины нутаг дэвсгэр дэх Израйлийн хууль бус суурингуудаас орж ирэх бараа бүтээгдэхүүнд хориг тавих шийдвэр гаргасан. Гэвч Майкл Мансфилд, Имран Хан нарын тэргүүтэй хуульчид болон эрдэмтэд уг арга хэмжээг Олон улсын шүүхийн (ICJ) дүгнэлттэй харьцуулахад хэтэрхий явцуу бөгөөд хангалтгүй гэж үзэж байна. Шүүхээс Израйлийг эзлэн түрэмгийллээ аль болох түргэн зогсоохыг үүрэг болгосон бөгөөд бусад улсууд уг хууль бус үйл ажиллагаанд туслалцаа үзүүлэхгүй байх үүрэгтэй юм.
Хуулийн мэргэжилтнүүд Израйлийн Баруун эрэг дэх үйл ажиллагааг “апартеид” буюу арьс өнгөөр ялгаварлан гадуурхах практиктай зүйрлэж, Их Британийн засгийн газрыг ОХУ-ын эсрэг авсан хоригтой адил илүү цогц, хатуу арга хэмжээ авахыг шаардлаа. Тэд Израйльд бүрэн хэмжээний зэвсгийн хориг тавих, даатгал, нягтлан бодох бүртгэл, дижитал дэд бүтцийн салбарт хязгаарлалт тогтоохыг уриалж байна. Мөн Их Британийн төрийн байгууллага, тэтгэврийн сангууд Израйлийн суурингуудын үйл ажиллагаанд хөрөнгө оруулаагүй гэдгээ баталгаажуулахыг хүсэв.
Их Британийн засгийн газрын хэвлэлийн төлөөлөгч энэхүү шийдвэр нь хоёр улсын шийдлийг хамгаалах чиглэлээр сүүлийн үед авч буй хамгийн томоохон алхам гэж мэдэгдсэн байна. Харин Израйлийн Гадаад хэргийн сайд Гидеон Саар Британийн талын мэдэгдлийг “ор үндэслэлгүй гүтгэлэг” хэмээн эсэргүүцэж, тус улсын засгийн газар Израйлийн эсрэг системтэйгээр ажиллаж байна гэж буруутгажээ.
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More than 130 legal experts, including 18 king’s counsel (KCs), have written to Andy Burnham saying that sanctions on Israeli settlements “fall far short” of Britain’s obligations under the International Court of Justice’s (ICJ’s) finding that the occupation is unlawful.
The foreign secretary, Ed Miliband last week announced an import ban on goods from illegal Israeli settlements in Palestine and other measures. Signatories to the letter to the prime minister, including the leading lawyers, Michael Mansfield KC and Imran Khan KC, and the former lord justice of appeal, Alan Moses, say it is not enough.
In a 2024 advisory opinion, the ICJ, which is the UN’s top court, ordered Israel to end the occupation “as rapidly as possible” and said other countries were under an obligation not to recognise the occupation as lawful nor aid or assist it.
The letter, sent on Tuesday, says the ICJ’s findings have “not had an impact on Israel’s apartheid practice” and, while the UK sanctions are “a necessary corrective”, they are “improperly narrow” when compared with sanctions on Russia, which are not limited to economic activity in occupied Ukrainian territory but apply to wider economic structures supporting the unlawful conduct.
It says: “We ask it to commit to further and more rigorous measures to ensure that no part of the UK’s economic relationship with Israel continues to sustain the illegal occupation itself, and the settlements and other serious violations of fundamental rules of international law perpetrated through its conduct, and to build on this to adopt robust coercive measures to seek to bring all these serious violations of international law, and the practices they sustain, including, fundamentally, the occupation itself, to an end.
The letter, also signed by legal academics, calls for a range of additional measures including a full arms embargo on Israel. When announcing the sanctions, Miliband accused Israel of ethnic cleansing in the West Bank, and the signatories say article 6(3) of the Arms Trade Treaty prohibits transfers of arms where a state has knowledge of such a crime.
The sanctions were announced after escalating attacks by Israeli settlers against Palestinian villages in the West Bank and an Israeli tender was issued for 1,200 homes in the E1 settlement, east of Jerusalem, which could in effect cut off the north from the south of the West Bank, threatening the viability of any future Palestinian state.
The signatories want extension of the sanctions to cover insurance, accountancy services and digital infrastructure as well as public confirmation that no UK public body, pension scheme or sovereign fund holds settlement investments.
Ralph Wilde, a signatory and professor of international law at University College London, said: “The government’s decision to finally acknowledge that Israel’s occupation of the Palestinian Gaza Strip and West Bank is illegal is welcome. But the consequences of this illegality for the UK and other states – special legal duties to take comprehensive action to bring this and other illegal actions by Israel, including its genocide in Gaza, to an end – are far more wide-ranging than the important but limited actions against settlements and settlers announced.”
A government spokesperson said “This is the biggest reset in the UK’s approach to protecting and securing the two-state solution in a generation. We have shown our commitment to international law and our refusal to be bystanders to further suffering.
“We have taken concrete action, supported accountability, pledged to galvanise the international community and acted with our partners across the globe.”
In response to the sanctions, the Israeli foreign minister, Gideon Sa’ar, accused Miliband of “outrageous lies” and said the UK government was “systematically working against the state of Israel”.
