Энэхүү нийтлэлд 1381 онд Англи улсад өрнөсөн, нийгмийн эрс өөрчлөлтийг шаардсан томоохон бослогын шалтгаан болон үр дагаврыг авч үзнэ.
1381 онд Англид өрнөсөн тариачдын бослого нь тухайн үеийн нийгэмд гүн гүнзгий өөрчлөлт хийхийг зорьсон олон нийтийн томоохон хөдөлгөөн байв. Босогчид хүн амын бүх давхаргаас авдаг татварыг цуцлах, хөлсөөр ажиллагсдын цалингийн дээд хязгаарыг зогсоох, сүмийн хөрөнгийг дахин хуваарилах, хамжлагат ёсыг бүрмөсөн халахыг шаарджээ. Бослогыг хаант засгийн зүгээс хүчээр дарсан хэдий ч, тухайн үеийн хаан II Ричард босогчдын зарим шаардлагыг хүлээн авахаас өөр аргагүйд хүрсэн байна. Энэхүү түүхэн үйл явдлын уг сурвалж болон гүн гүнзгий шалтгаан нь Зуун жилийн дайн, Хар үхэл тахал, дундад зууны нийгмийн бүтэц болон сүмийн үүрэг оролцоотой салшгүй холбоотой юм.
Тариачдын бослого гарах болсон гол шалтгаанууд нь дараах байдалтай байв:
- Хөрөнгө чинээг нь үл харгалзан тариачин бүрээс авдаг байсан шинэ төрлийн татвар (энэ нь 1377 оноос хойш гурав дахь удаагаа тогтоосон татвар байв).
- Хар үхэл тахлын дараа ажиллах хүчний зардал эрс нэмэгдсэний дараа хуулиар тогтоосон цалингийн хязгаарлалт.
- Зардлаа хэмнэхийн тулд чөлөөт ажилчдыг дахин хамжлагат (виллин) болгохыг оролдсон шударга бус газар эзэмшигчид.
- Эдийн засгийн уналтын үед орон нутгийн эрх баригчдын зүгээс гаргасан мөлжлөгийн ерөнхий мэдрэмж.
Түүхэн нөхцөл байдал ба холбогдох асуудлууд
Тариачдын бослого буюу “Их бослого” нь 1381 оны зургадугаар сард Англид болсон, үр дүн муутай өрнөсөн ард түмний бослого байв. II Ричард нь 1377-1399 оны хооронд хаанчилсан бөгөөд Хар хунтайж гэгддэг Эдвардын хүү байжээ. Түүнчлэн Жон Уиклиф (1330-1384 орчим) нь бослогын өмнөх үеийн нөлөө бүхий английн теологич, санваартан, эрдэмтэн байсан юм.
Энэхүү үйл явдлыг ойлгоход Зуун жилийн дайн (1337-1453) нь Англи, Францын хооронд 116 жилийн турш тасалдалтайгаар үргэлжилсэн мөргөлдөөн байсныг дурдах хэрэгтэй. Мөн Хар үхэл нь 1347-1352 оны хооронд дундад зууны Европыг сүйрүүлсэн тахлын цар тахал бөгөөд хүн амын 25-30 хувийг авч одсон гэж үздэг. Дундад зууны үеийн хамжлагат (виллин) гэдэг нь газар эзэмшигчийн газрыг бие махбодын болон хууль эрх зүйн хамгаалалтын хариуд ажилладаг эрх чөлөөгүй ажилчид байв. Манориализм буюу манорын систем нь хөдөөгийн нийгмийг эдлэн газар эсвэл цайзын эргэн тойронд зохион байгуулдаг тогтолцоо байсан бол феодализм нь X-XIII зууны Европын нийгэмд орон нутгийн захиргааны бүтцэд суурилсан нийгмийн шатлал байжээ. Дундад зууны сүм нь МЭ 476-1500 оны хооронд Европын шашны амьдралыг ноёрхож, чиглүүлж байсан Католик сүм байсан билээ.
Нэмэлт мэдээлэл
Энэхүү сэдвийн хүрээнд “Лондон хот дундад зууны үеийн тариачдын бослогод хэрхэн өртсөн”, “1381 оны тариачдын бослогын тухай баримт бичиг”, болон “1381 оны ард түмэн” гэсэн судалгааны төслүүд түүхэн эх сурвалжид чухал байр суурь эзэлдэг.
Энэхүү контентыг Марк Картрайт 2026 оны аравдугаар сарын 01-нд нийтэлсэн бөгөөд “Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike” лицензийн дагуу ашиглах боломжтой. Энэхүү лиценз нь зохиогчийг дурдаж, ижил нөхцөлөөр лицензлэх тохиолдолд контентыг арилжааны бус зорилгоор хуулбарлах, өөрчлөх боломжийг олгодог. Вэб дээр дахин нийтлэх тохиолдолд анхны эх сурвалжийн холбоосыг заавал хавсаргах шаардлагатай. Арилжааны зорилгоор ашиглах хүсэлтийг “Wright’s Media” лицензийн агентлагтай холбогдож шийдвэрлэнэ.
Дэлгэрэнгүйг эх сурвалжаас харах
↓Эх сурвалжийг нээх ↓


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 <h1 id=”page_title_text” class=”trans” itemprop=”headline”>England’s Peasant Uprising of 1381</h1>
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 by <span itemprop=”author” itemscope=”” itemtype=”https://schema.org/Person”><a href=”/user/markzcartwright/” rel=”author” title=”User Page: Mark Cartwright”>Mark Cartwright</a></span>
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 <p>In this collection of resources, we examine the <a href=”/Peasants’_Revolt/” data-ci-uid=”1-18757-en”>Peasants’ Revolt</a> in <a href=”/disambiguation/england/” data-ci-uid=”1-138-en”>England</a> in 1381, a popular uprising that sought dramatic social changes such as the removal of the poll tax, an end to the cap on labour wages, redistribution of the Church’s wealth, and the total abolition of serfdom. Although the rebellion was quashed, some of these demands were met by the reigning monarch, <a href=”/Richard_II_of_England/” data-ci-uid=”1-18673-en”>Richard II of England</a>. The collection provides the context and deeper causes of the revolt, such as the <a href=”/Hundred_Years’_War/” data-ci-uid=”1-18721-en”>Hundred Years’ War</a>, the <a href=”/Black_Death/” data-ci-uid=”1-17097-en”>Black Death</a>, the structure of medieval society, and the role of the <a href=”/Medieval_Church/” data-ci-uid=”1-18341-en”>medieval Church</a>.</p>&#13;
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<p>The principal causes of the <a href=”/disambiguation/Peasants/” data-ci-uid=”1-20509-en”>Peasants</a>’ Revolt were:</p>&#13;
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	<li>a new poll tax imposed on all peasants irrespective of wealth (the third such tax since 1377)</li>&#13;
	<li>the limit by <a href=”/disambiguation/law/” data-ci-uid=”1-111-en”>law</a> on wages after labour costs had risen dramatically following the Black <a href=”/disambiguation/Death/” data-ci-uid=”1-416-en”>Death</a> <a href=”/disambiguation/plague/” data-ci-uid=”1-680-en”>plague</a></li>&#13;
	<li>unscrupulous landlords trying to turn free labourers back into serfs (aka villeins) to save money on wages</li>&#13;
	<li>a general feeling of exploitation by local authorities during a time of economic decline</li>&#13;
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 The Peasants’ Revolt, also known as the Great Revolt, was a largely unsuccessful popular uprising in England in June 1381. The... </div>
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 The Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453) was an intermittent conflict between England and France lasting 116 years. It began principally... </div>
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 The Black Death was a plague pandemic that devastated medieval Europe from 1347 to 1352. The Black Death killed an estimated 25-30... </div>
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 Medieval serfs (aka villeins) were unfree labourers who worked the land of a landowner (or tenant) in return for physical and legal protection... </div>
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 Feudalism was a system of social society present during the high middle ages in Europe between the tenth and... </div>
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 </a> <a href=”/video/1898/peasants-revolt–3-minute-history/” class=”content_item ci_related_item item_no_2 ci_type_6 ” id=”6-1898″ data-ci-type-id=”6″ data-ci-id=”6-1898″ data-ci-uid=”6-1898-en”>
 <img src=”/uploads/kraked/6/6-1898_ci_preview.jpg?v=1579775943-1790844443″ width=”360″ height=”202″ alt=”Peasants Revolt | 3 Minute History” class=”ci_image “/>
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		<h2>Illustrations</h2>
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<a href=”/image/9604/medieval-peasants-threshing/” class=”ci_mosaic_item tooltip” style=”background-image: url(/img/c/p/360×202/9604.jpg?v=1613873702);” title=”Medieval Peasants Threshing”/><a href=”/image/11780/richard-ii–the-peasants-revolt/” class=”ci_mosaic_item tooltip” style=”background-image: url(/img/c/p/360×202/11780.jpg?v=1779741615-6xtk5s42);” title=”Richard II &; the Peasants’ Revolt”/><a href=”/image/9579/july-les-tres-riches-heures/” class=”ci_mosaic_item tooltip” style=”background-image: url(/img/c/p/360×202/9579.jpg?v=1788597846);” title=”July, Les Tres Riches Heures”/><a href=”/image/9559/february-les-tres-riches-heures/” class=”ci_mosaic_item tooltip” style=”background-image: url(/img/c/p/360×202/9559.jpg?v=1772452338);” title=”February, Les Tres Riches Heures”/><a href=”/image/9603/medieval-peasants-cottage/” class=”ci_mosaic_item tooltip” style=”background-image: url(/img/c/p/360×202/9603.jpg?v=1639517402);” title=”Medieval Peasant’s Cottage”/><a href=”/image/9558/boothby-pagnell-manor-house/” class=”ci_mosaic_item tooltip” style=”background-image: url(/img/c/p/360×202/9558.jpg?v=1718015465);” title=”Boothby Pagnell Manor House”/><a href=”/image/11772/arms–white-hart-of-richard-ii-of-england/” class=”ci_mosaic_item tooltip” style=”background-image: url(/img/c/p/360×202/11772.jpg?v=1751716328);” title=”Arms &; White Hart of Richard II of England”/><a href=”/image/22226/death-of-wat-tyler/” class=”ci_mosaic_item tooltip” style=”background-image: url(/img/c/p/360×202/22226.jpg?v=1790845062-1790845123);” title=”Death of Wat Tyler”/></div>
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 <a href=”https://www.londonmuseum.org.uk/collections/london-stories/how-peasants-revolt-rocked-medieval-london/” title=”How the Peasants’ Revolt rocked medieval London” rel=”external noopener” class=”xres_headline”>
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 www.londonmuseum.org.uk </div>
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 <a href=”https://archive.org/details/peasantsrevoltof0000unse” title=”The Peasants’ Revolt of 1381 : Free Download, Borrow ...” rel=”external noopener” class=”xres_headline”>
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 <a href=”https://www.southampton.ac.uk/geography/research/projects/people-of-1381.page?” title=”Research project: The people of 1381 (Peasants Revolt)” rel=”external noopener” class=”xres_headline”>
 <div class=”xres_headline”>Research project: The people of 1381 (Peasants Revolt) </div>
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 www.southampton.ac.uk </div>
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 <a href=”https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/e179/notes.asp?slctgrantid=407&;action=3″ title=”The National Archives | E179 | Document notes” rel=”external noopener” class=”xres_headline”>
 <div class=”xres_headline”>The National Archives | E179 | Document notes </div>
 </a>
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