Эрдэмтэд эртний ДНХ, 3D дүрслэл болон шүүх эмнэлгийн аргачлалыг ашиглан 1700 жилийн тэртээ амьдарч байсан хүмүүсийн царайг бодитоор сэргээн гаргалаа.
Будапешт хотын Аквинкум музейд 2026 оны аравдугаар сарын 31-нийг хүртэл үргэлжлэх “Бид та бүхэнтэй адил байсан” үзэсгэлэнд Ромын эзэнт гүрний үеийн 16 хүний дүр төрхийг дэлгэн тавьжээ. Судлаачид эртний олдворуудын гавлын ясанд өндөр нарийвчлалтай КТ шинжилгээ хийж, 3D хэвлэгчээр хуулбарлан бүтээсэн байна. Шүүх эмнэлгийн мэргэжилтэн Эмеше Габор хүний анатомийн 60 гаруй цэгт тулгуурлан нүүрний бүтцийг гаргаж, силиконоор бодит мэт баримал урлажээ.
Аквинкум нь Дунай мөрний хөвөөнд оршдог байсан бөгөөд археологийн судалгаагаар тус бүс нутагт Итали, Сири, Шотланд зэрэг өнөөгийн улс орнууд, мөн Сармат болон Кельтийн соёлтой холбоотой хүмүүс амьдарч байсныг тогтоосон байна. Эрдэмтэд эртний ДНХ-ийн шинжилгээгээр тухайн хүний нүд, үс болон арьсны өнгийг тодорхойлохыг зорьсон ч гавлын ясны хэлбэрээс үс засалт, нүүрний хувирлыг яг таг тогтоох боломжгүй тул зарим нарийн ширийн зүйлс таамаг хэвээр үлддэг.
Үзэсгэлэнд тавигдсан олдворуудын дунд “Жаблонка замын мумми” хэмээн нэрлэгдсэн эмэгтэйн булш онцгой ач холбогдолтой юм. Түүний булшнаас лаврын цэцгэн титэм, нэхмэлийн ээрүүл, шувууны дүрс бүхий сандаал зэрэг өвөрмөц эд зүйлс олдсон бөгөөд хөлийнх нь орчимд эр хүний хөрөг зураг байжээ.
Судлаачид эдгээр хүний амьдралын нөхцөл байдлыг судалж үзэхэд хүнд хүчир хөдөлмөр, өлсгөлөн, архаг үрэвсэл зэрэг шинж тэмдгүүд илэрсэн нь тэднийг Ромын нийгмийн доод давхаргынхан байсныг илтгэж байна. Энэхүү төсөл нь археологийн олдворуудыг зүгээр нэг яс бус, бодит амьдралтай хүмүүс байсныг олон нийтэд таниулах зорилготой юм.
Дэлгэрэнгүйг эх сурвалжаас харах
↓Эх сурвалжийг нээх ↓
Sixteen people who lived near the Roman city of Aquincum nearly 1,700 years ago have had their faces reconstructed using ancient DNA, 3D imaging and forensic techniques. The reconstructions form the centerpiece of Once We Were Like You, an exhibition at the Aquincum Museum in Budapest, Hungary, running through October 31, 2026. Six of the 16 individuals have been recreated as lifelike silicone sculptures, complete with artificial eyes, human hair, eyebrows and eyelashes.
The subjects lived during the first four centuries of Roman rule in the region. Aquincum, located along the Danube frontier, was home to people with varied origins. Genetic and archaeological evidence points to connections with present-day Italy, Scotland and Syria, as well as Sarmatian populations and local Celtic communities.
What Did Ancient Humans Really Look Like?
The process begins with the skull itself. Specialists produce high-resolution CT scans of the original remains before creating 3D-printed replicas, allowing reconstruction work to proceed without repeatedly handling fragile ancient bones.
Emese Gábor, the forensic facial reconstruction specialist behind the silicone models, uses more than 60 anatomical landmarks to determine the likely structure of each face. She then builds the facial tissues, creates a mold and casts the finished sculpture in colored silicone.
According to Live Science, which reported on the exhibition on July 22, 2026, the process also incorporates archaeogenetic research whenever suitable material is available. Ancient DNA can help establish probable eye, hair and skin pigmentation. Still, the results are not exact portraits, because the shape of a skull provides anatomical guidance, but details such as hairstyle and facial expression remain uncertain.
“The face is the most important feature for recognizing a person,” Gábor told the publication. Her goal is to help visitors recognize a human being where they might otherwise see only archaeological remains.
A Woman, a Laurel Wreath, and an Ancient Mystery
In the statement, the team said tha one individual stands apart from the others: a woman known as the Jablonka Road mummy, whose burial contained several unusual objects. Archaeologists discovered a laurel wreath resting on her head, along with fine clothing, a weaving spindle and distinctive bird-shaped cork sandals. A painted portrait of a man had also been placed near her feet.
The man’s identity remains unknown. Researchers have suggested he may have been the woman’s husband or father, but the burial provides no definitive answer. Although her skeleton was relatively well preserved, her facial soft tissues had decayed. Gábor reconstructed her appearance from the surviving skull while archaeologists examined the objects and burial context. “That was very moving,” she said of the experience.
The exhibition also introduces visitors to a young girl who died in childhood, a blacksmith, a construction worker and a military officer. Another woman, found buried in a children’s cemetery, has been interpreted as a possible nurse or healer.
These Ancient People Had a Hard Life
The exhibition’s interpretationalso stated that two women were found buried face down with their legs bound together. The one was associated with an accusation of witchcraft and the other with poisons. Neither explanation has been established through archaeological evidence. Examinations of the skeletons also revealed indications of physically demanding labor, periods of hunger and chronic inflammation. Museum curators believe many of the individuals represented belonged to less wealthy groups within Roman society.
Their experiences rarely appear in surviving written accounts, making their physical remains particularly informative. For Gábor, the life-size sculptures create a connection that a digital reconstruction cannot fully reproduce. Visitors can move around the models, examine their faces and confront the individuals behind the archaeological findings.
“Every reconstruction is a journey,” she explained. “As I shape each face, I find myself reflecting on that person’s life again and again, and by the end, they no longer feel like anonymous remains, but like real people.”
The faces displayed in Budapest cannot reveal everything about these individuals. They do give visitors a way to encounter people who died nearly seventeen centuries ago.
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