Эрдэмтэд дэлхийн ургамалжилтыг тэтгэж, уур амьсгалыг зохицуулахад чухал үүрэгтэй, 110 квадриллион километр үргэлжлэх нууцлаг мөөгөнцрийн сүлжээг анх удаа бүрэн зураглалаа.
Олон улсын судлаачдын баг 322 өмнөх судалгаа болон 16,000 хөрсний дээжид тулгуурлан, машин сургалт болон дэвшилтэт дүрслэлийн технологийг ашиглан энэхүү сүлжээг бүтэцжүүлжээ. Арбускуляр микоризын мөөгөнцөр нь ургамлын үндэстэй хамтран ажиллаж, шим тэжээл, ус солилцдог бөгөөд дэлхийн нийт ургамлын зүйлийн 70 орчим хувь нь энэхүү харилцан ашигтай холбооноос хамааралтай байдаг.
Судалгаагаар энэхүү сүлжээний нийт урт нь Дэлхий болон Нарны хоорондох зайнаас нэг тэрбум дахин их болохыг тогтоов. Мөн энэ нь дэлхий дээрх нийт хүн амын жингээс 4-6 дахин их буюу 300 мегатонн нүүрстөрөгчийг биомасс хэлбэрээр агуулдаг байна. Жил бүр уг сүлжээгээр дамжин 4 тэрбум тонн нүүрстөрөгчийн давхар исэл хөрсөнд шингэдэг нь хүний үйл ажиллагаанаас үүдэлтэй ялгаруулалтын 11 хувийг эзэлж буй үзүүлэлт юм.
Судлаачид хөдөө аж ахуйн зориулалттай хөрсөнд мөөгөнцрийн нягтаршил байгалийн унаган бүс нутгийнхаас хоёр дахин бага байгааг анхаарууллаа. Ялангуяа бэлчээрийн талбайнууд нь энэхүү мөөгөнцрийн биомассын 40 хувийг агуулдаг ч хамгийн бага хамгаалалттай байгаа юм.
Корентин Бисо болон Мерлин Шелдрейк нарын судлаачид энэхүү “гаригийн цусны эргэлтийн систем” нь уур амьсгалын өөрчлөлт болон хүнсний аюулгүй байдлыг шийдвэрлэхэд чухал ач холбогдолтой болохыг онцлов. Энэхүү нээлт нь дэлхийн хөрсөн доорх үл үзэгдэх амьдралын үйл ажиллагааг ойлгох, цаашлаад байгалийн нөөцийг илүү үр дүнтэй хамгаалах шинэ боломжийг нээж байна.
Дэлгэрэнгүйг эх сурвалжаас харах
↓Эх сурвалжийг нээх ↓
Beneath the Earth’s surface lies an extraordinary underground fungal network of almost unimaginable scale. An international team of researchers has, for the first time, produced a global map of this vast mycorrhizal network—the system of fungal filaments that forms mutually beneficial partnerships with plants across the planet. They estimate that the network stretches for roughly 110 quadrillion kilometers in total, nearly 1 billion times the distance between the Earth and the sun. The findings were published in Science.
Beneath Your Feet
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi) form underground networks that support plant life and help regulate the Earth’s climate. Through microscopic filaments known as hyphae, these fungi establish symbiotic relationships with plant roots, supplying water and nutrients in exchange for carbon produced through photosynthesis. The scale of this phenomenon is enormous: Current estimates suggest that about 70 percent of all plant species depend on these mycorrhizal partnerships for their survival.
Mapping the Global Network
Although a study published in Nature last year examined global patterns in the diversity of underground mycorrhizal fungal communities, no previous research had quantified the density and worldwide distribution of this subterranean network.
To create the first global map of this hidden system, the authors of the new study compiled data from 322 previous studies, along with 16,000 soil samples collected from a wide range of terrestrial ecosystems. Using machine learning techniques and advanced imaging technologies, the team estimated both the network’s total extent and its biomass.
“With the advent of new technologies in high-resolution imaging, machine learning, and robotics, we are beginning to reveal what has long remained hidden beneath our feet,” said coauthor Corentin Bisot. “We are discovering how the complex network-forming structures of fungi transport nutrients and help regulate the climate.”
An Immense Underground Network
The researchers estimate that the underground fungal network has a total length of approximately 110 quadrillion kilometers. They also calculate that it contains about 300 megatons of carbon in biomass—equivalent to roughly four to six times the total mass of all living humans.
According to the study, these fungal networks transport the equivalent of around 4 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide into the soil each year, representing approximately 11 percent of annual human-caused carbon dioxide emissions.
“It is difficult to overstate the importance and sheer scale of these fungi,” said lead author Justin Stewart of the Society for the Protection of Underground Networks. “A single teaspoon of soil can contain up to 10 meters of mycorrhizal network.”
A Planetary Circulatory System
The researchers also issued a warning. According to the study, the density of underground fungal networks in agricultural soils is only about half that found in natural ecosystems. Yet grasslands—which contain an estimated 40 percent of the world’s arbuscular mycorrhizal biomass—are among the least protected ecosystems and are being converted to agricultural land at a rate four times faster than forests.
The scientists warn that less dense fungal networks could reduce the soil’s capacity to store carbon and recycle nutrients.
“Mycorrhizal fungi have shaped life on Earth for hundreds of millions of years, yet we still know remarkably little about how the infrastructure of these living transport systems is distributed across the planet,” said coauthor Merlin Sheldrake. “This study marks an exciting step toward understanding how this planetary circulatory system functions, and it points to ways we can work more effectively with fungi to address many of the defining challenges of our time, from food security to climate change.”
This story originally appeared on WIRED Italia and has been translated from Italian.

