Эрдэмтэд Хирошимагийн булангаас олдсон бичил хэмжээний хог хаягдлыг шинжилж, хэт өндөр температур болон хурдан хөргөлтийн нөлөөгөөр үүссэн өвөрмөц бүтэцтэй бодисыг олж тогтоолоо.
Флоренцийн их сургуулийн эрдэмтэн Лука Бинди тэргүүтэй судлаачид 1945 оны цөмийн дэлбэрэлтийн үед үүссэн бичил хэсгүүдийг судалжээ. Эдгээр хэсгүүд нь зүгээр нэг хайлсан хог хаягдал бус, харин дэлбэрэлтийн агшин зуурын нөхцөлийг хадгалсан физик архив болж байна. “Science Advances” сэтгүүлд нийтлэгдсэн судалгаанаас үзэхэд, уг хайлш нь төмөр, хром, никель, марганец, молибден, цахиур, хөнгөн цагаанаас бүрдсэн бөгөөд урьд өмнө нь баримтжуулж байгаагүй нэгэн төрлийн куб талст бүтэцтэй болох нь тогтоогджээ.
Цөмийн дэлбэрэлт нь лабораторийн нөхцөлд давтахад бараг боломжгүй эрс тэс орчныг бүрдүүлдэг тул элементүүд ердийн үед үүсдэггүй хослол, бүтцийг бий болгодог байна. Энэхүү олдвор нь квазиталст биш боловч атомын зохион байгуулалтын хувьд ер бусын материалуудын судалгаанд шинэ жишиг болж байгаа юм. Үүнтэй төстэй үзэгдлүүд өмнө нь “Trinity” цөмийн туршилт болон солируудын судалгаагаар илэрч байсан билээ.
Энэхүү нээлт нь хүчтэй дэлбэрэлт болон байгалийн эрс тэс үйл явц нь шинжлэх ухаанд мэдэгдээгүй шинэ материалуудыг бүтээх боломжтойг харуулж байна. Эрдэмтэд ийм төрлийн бодисууд нь тусгаарлагдсан тохиолдол уу, эсвэл хүчирхийллийн шинжтэй үйл явдлын үеэр үүсдэг материалуудын бүхэл бүтэн ангилал уу гэдгийг тодруулахаар ажиллаж байна.
Дэлгэрэнгүйг эх сурвалжаас харах
↓Эх сурвалжийг нээх ↓
The Hiroshima atomic bombing produced a microscopic metallic alloy with a structure never previously observed by scientists. The material, discovered decades later in debris collected from Hiroshima Bay, reveals how extreme explosions can create unusual forms of matter.
The discovery comes from the analysis of tiny particles formed during the 1945 nuclear explosion. These fragments preserved a record of conditions that existed for only fractions of a second, offering researchers a rare opportunity to study how materials behave under extreme heat and rapid cooling.
The research was conducted by Luca Bindi, an earth scientist at the University of Florence, who examined microscopic debris gathered along the beaches of Hiroshima Bay. The particles were not simply remnants of destroyed objects but physical records of the explosion, showing how elements were transformed during one of history’s most powerful human-made events.
The study, published in Science Advances, adds a new example to the list of unusual materials created in extreme environments. Previous discoveries linked to nuclear tests and meteorites have shown that violent events can produce structures that do not normally appear under ordinary conditions.
A Nuclear Explosion Produced Millions Of Microscopic Experiments
When a nuclear bomb detonates, it creates an environment that is almost impossible to reproduce in a laboratory. The intense heat causes materials to vaporize before they cool rapidly, allowing different elements to combine in ways that would not usually occur.
During the Hiroshima explosion, countless tiny droplets of material followed their own formation paths. Each particle effectively became an independent experiment, where atoms had only a brief moment to reorganize before becoming solid.
The newly identified alloy contains iron, chromium, nickel, manganese, molybdenum, silicon and aluminum. Researchers found that these elements formed a homogeneous cubic lattice, creating a combination and structure never documented before.
The analysis showed that this mixture of elements normally would have developed into a simpler crystal arrangement. Instead, the rapid conditions created during the Hiroshima atomic explosion allowed the material to retain a complex cubic structure.
Scientists Create Alloy With Extreme Properties
The Hiroshima material is not classified as a quasicrystal, but scientists believe its atomic organization can provide useful comparisons with other unusual materials. Quasicrystals contain non-repeating atomic structures and were once thought impossible before they were identified.
Scientists have previously discovered rare substances created during extreme events. The Trinity nuclear test in July 1945 produced trinitite, a glass-like material containing unusual structures, including a cage-shaped crystal called a clathrate.
Similar discoveries have also been made in meteorites, where researchers found quasicrystals formed through natural cosmic events. These examples show that powerful energy releases can create materials outside the range of common geological processes.
The findings reported in Science Advances raise new questions about whether such materials are isolated discoveries or part of a wider category of substances created during violent events. Luca Bindi explained that:
“Even decades later, a grain only a few micrometers across can retain a detailed record of conditions that existed for only fractions of a second,” adding that: “These particles are not simply melted debris. They are physical archives of the explosion.”
Extreme Environments May Hide New Materials
The discovery highlights how unusual locations can reveal materials that are difficult to create under stable conditions. Areas affected by rare and powerful events may preserve evidence of physical processes that cannot easily be studied elsewhere.
Physicist Michael Widom from Carnegie Mellon University, who was not involved in the research but has previously worked with Bindi, described the discovery as part of a largely unexplored world of materials. He noted that researchers looking for new substances often need to examine places with unusual histories.
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