Английн хөлбөмбөгийн багууд улирлын бэлтгэлийн хүрээнд 90 минутын стандарт хугацаанаас татгалзаж, тоглогчдын ачааллыг тэнцвэржүүлэх зорилгоор өөрчлөгдсөн цагтай тоглолтуудыг зохион байгуулж байна.
Ливерпүүл Италийн Комо багтай хоёр тоглолт хийхээр төлөвлөсөн бол Лидс Юнайтед болон РБ Лейпциг нар 120 минутын тоглолтыг хоёр хувааж, тус бүр 60 минутаар тоглосон байна. Мөн Ноттингем Форест, Кристал Пэлас зэрэг багууд 45 минутын богино хугацаатай тэмцээнүүдэд оролцсон нь улирлын өмнөх бэлтгэлийн ачааллыг удирдах шинэ хандлага болж байна.
Мэргэжилтнүүдийн үзэж буйгаар, улирал эхлэхээс өмнө тоглогчдын фитнесс болон тоглолтын ачааллыг зөв хуваарилах нь чухал бөгөөд 90 минутын стандарт тоглолт бүх тоглогчид хангалттай цаг олгох боломжгүй байдаг. Премьер лигт таван сэлгээ хийх дүрэм хэрэгжиж эхэлснээр багуудад 90 минут тоглох чадвартай 11 тоглогчоос илүүтэйгээр 60 минут өндөр эрчимтэй тоглох чадвартай 16-20 тоглогч бэлтгэх нь илүү үр дүнтэй болсон байна.
Улирлын бэлтгэлийн эхний долоо хоногт тоглогчид 30-35 км гүйлт хийх зорилт тавьдаг бол бэлтгэл ахихийн хэрээр 90 минутын тоглолтын ачаалалд ойртохыг зорьдог. Гэсэн хэдий ч бэлтгэлийн үеийн тоглолтууд болон албан ёсны тэмцээний дарамт нь өөр өөр байдаг тул улирлын эхний хэдэн тоглолтын дараа л тоглогчид хамгийн өндөр түвшний фитнессэдээ хүрдэг байна.
Дэлгэрэнгүйг эх сурвалжаас харах
↓Эх сурвалжийг нээх ↓
For almost 150 years, regulation time in football matches has consisted of 90 minutes to determine a result — but many teams appear to have had other ideas this pre-season.
Liverpool will play a total of 180 minutes against Serie A side Como across two games tomorrow (Sunday), one behind closed doors at their training ground at noon locally, the other at Anfield at 6pm. Leeds United and RB Leipzig played out a 120-minute friendly earlier this month — split into two 60-minute matches — while both Nottingham Forest and Crystal Palace have participated in tournaments where teams faced off for only 45 minutes at a time.
The trend even extends into non-League, where a tournament consisting of 45-minute games, the A23 Cup, was scheduled to take place between Slough Town, Hayes and Yeading United and Marlow Town in July. But Marlow were unable to field a side, meaning 90-minute matches between the other sides ensued.
From the outside, it appears unnecessarily complicated. With regular competitive 90-minute games now just days away for English clubs, there is a temptation to view these unusual formats as a gimmick.
So, what is the reasoning behind them?
Why 90 minutes isn’t always best in pre-season
Matches lasting 90 minutes early in pre-season present a few issues.
Players often arrive back from their summer breaks with a base level of fitness — enhanced by light and sporadic individual training during their holidays — and their natural athlete’s stamina.
Strategies for building on this vary across clubs, but the general aim is to begin pre-season with high-intensity, low-volume sessions, increasing the bulk of players’ stamina halfway through, before finding a balance between intensity and volume as the season approaches.
“Traditionally, it’s always been a challenge to achieve rounded squad fitness within the normal 90-minute game of pre-season,” Glen Driscoll, a former performance analyst at Liverpool, Celtic and Leicester City under manager Brendan Rodgers, tells The Athletic.
Liverpool during pre-season training in Chicago earlier this month (Nikki Dyer/Liverpool FC via Getty Images)
Managers naturally begin to settle on their preferred starting XIs and prioritise those players’ minutes towards the end of pre-season, but those in the squad who do not receive sufficient game time need to replicate the physical work they miss out on.
“The closer you get to the season, the more you universally create a divide between the players you’re preparing to start and everybody else,” adds Driscoll. “Then you are trying to run them after a game, which is difficult, because supporters are in the stadium, or security. Or you’re travelling, and there’s a flight waiting for you.”
Pre-season is also about building morale in the squad, and Driscoll says “you don’t want half the squad already feeling like they’ve been identified as the non-starters”.
Putting in the hard yards
In-season, English Football League (EFL) and top-flight sides in continental Europe will aim for their players to cover an average of around 30 kilometres (around 19 miles) in matches per week — whether that be in first-team fixtures or training games.
To reach those levels, they have to build up their pre-season work in the right way.
“In the first four weeks, we would expect players to be covering around that mark, while some clubs may push towards 40km,” says Anton McElhone, head of medical and performance at League One side Huddersfield Town.
“Few friendlies are played early on because the intensity is high, but once the matches start feeding in, the volume of minutes at once becomes higher, meaning the (training) drills between are less intensive.”
McElhone recommends players start by covering 30-35km in week one, but that would not include playing an intra-squad game in training or a friendly. The distance covered aim remains the same in week two, but he suggests players should take part in 45 minutes of action staged under match conditions, equating to roughly five to six kilometres.
Sports scientists recommend players’ distance covered is increased over the course of pre-season (Ash Donelon/Manchester United via Getty Images)
The target would remain at 30-35km in week three, but players would be expected to go through 60 minutes in game conditions.
By week four, the target distance would drop to 25-30km, but with an aim of 75 minutes in match-like scenarios. The latter would rise to 90 minutes from week five and beyond. “It’s all in the numbers,” McElhone says.
A 45-minute game might only account for around five to six kilometres of running, but the intensity makes that distance different from the distances players run during a training session.
As the season approaches, players need to prove they can reproduce that work at increasingly high intensity.
The benefit of different formats
The average club pre-season lasts six weeks, so there is a lot to cram in — and a regular 90-minute friendly does not always allow all your players the necessary game time.
“If you were following a textbook, you would start with shorter halves and progress gradually — for example, 25-minute halves, then 35, then up to 45,” says Alan McCall, a performance consultant who has worked across English and European football.
“But given the short timeframe and the number of players involved, football does not have that luxury, so you have to find other ways to balance the progression and load.”
EFL clubs Leicester and Bristol Rovers found an innovative solution for their friendly held in mid-July, playing a 120-minute match, which was split into four 30-minute halves. Both sides rotated halfway through, giving two ‘starting XIs’ 60 minutes of game-time each, balancing the load out equally across their squads.
Those 45-minutes-per-game triangular tournaments offer the lowest physical benefit according to the sports scientists The Athletic spoke to.
Both the Como Cup (held in that Italian city across five days from July 28 and involving six teams, including Crystal Palace) and the Friuli Venezia Giulia Cup (involving hosts Udinese, Barcelona and Nottingham Forest and played over three hours last Saturday night) were scheduled for the mid-to-latter stages of the clubs’ pre-seasons.
The Como Cup, in which Crystal Palace participated, featured three games of 45 minutes (Marco Luzzani/Getty Images)
This is when players would be expected to be logging more than 60 minutes in game scenarios across the week, and both Premier League sides fielded entirely different teams for the back-to-back 45-minute fixtures they participated in.
“The game would likely only be a small part of the load that week,” Driscoll says. “I would put a football strength training session either side of it, and the fact the game is split into two (separate matches) could extract more effort in the match subconsciously for the players.”
Closer to the season is when teams shift from building towards the demands of competitive football to trying to replicate them, while giving as many players as possible that experience. Yet the expectation is not to have every player at peak condition on the opening day of a league season, and very rarely do outfield players play the full 90 minutes in any conventional friendly.
“It will probably take three to four games into the season before players reach the fitness levels we target during pre-season,” McElhone says, “because nothing replicates the pressure that comes once the first ball is kicked.”
The expectation to provide a fully-fit squad on day one of a new campaign is not the primary aim of pre-season either, especially as game-frequency increases and squads grow in size, with returning players who have been involved in national-team tournaments and new signings.
“The introduction of five substitutes in a match (which became a permanent part of the Premier League in 2022-23) changed everything,” Driscoll says. “Before, you needed 11 players ready to play 90 minutes. Now, producing 16-20 players physically able to play 60 minutes looks more useful.”
These differing friendly formats are not new — all three specialists consulted said non-90-minute matches, whether played in public or behind closed doors, have been a regular part of pre-season for the past 20 years. The head coach or manager of a side will usually have the final say on how those friendlies look, with performance staff providing advice around individual player usage and recovery.
“We do not try to govern how many games need to be played, or who must play when,” McElhone says. “We usually work with the coaching staff and fit around them, offering guidance on minutes and planning our sessions around their loads and constant monitoring.”
Varying the lengths of your friendlies is not the ideal or most recommended way to help pre-season preparations, as these types of matches occur behind closed doors anyway on a weekly basis. As McCall says, “there is no exact formula for preparing players.” Or, as McElhoe puts it, “there’s a million ways to skin a cat.”
“The most important thing,” the latter adds, “is that whatever happens in pre-season means nothing once the first game of the season begins.”
