Шинэ судалгаагаар хар нүх нь эргэн тойрныхоо бүх зүйлийг сорж залгихаас гадна их хэмжээний бодисыг сансарт буцаан ялгаруулдаг болохыг илрүүлжээ.
Уорикын их сургуулийн доктор Ноэл Кастро Сегурагаар ахлуулсан одон орон судлаачид 2023 онд тохиосон Swift J1727.8−1613 хос одны системийн идэвхжилийг ESA-ийн “Very Large Telescope” (VLT) дурангаар ажиглажээ. Энэхүү систем нь хар нүх ойролцоох одноос хийг татаж, хурдтай эргэлдэх хуримтлалын диск үүсгэдэг бөгөөд 2023 онд тэнгэрийн хамгийн тод рентген туяаны эх үүсвэрүүдийн нэг болсон байна. “Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society” сэтгүүлд нийтлэгдсэн уг судалгаа нь хар нүхний боловсруулах үйл явцыг бодит цаг хугацаанд нь ажигласан ховор тохиолдол болжээ.
Ажиглалтаар хар нүхний идэвхжил буурсан үед ч хүчирхэг тийрэлтэт урсгал болон салхи үргэлжилсээр байгааг илрүүлсэн байна. Хар нүхний харагдах идэвхжил оргил үеэсээ 100 дахин буурсан ч их хэмжээний хийг гадагшлуулж байсан нь судлаачдыг гайхшруулжээ. Энэ нь хар нүхнүүд зөвхөн бодис сорогч биш, харин эргэн тойрныхоо орон зайг идэвхтэй өөрчлөн бүрдүүлэгч динамик систем болохыг харуулж байна.
Доктор Ноэл Кастро Сегурагийн тайлбарласнаар, хар нүхнүүд урьд өмнө төсөөлж байснаас бага үр ашигтай “идэгч” байж болох юм. Учир нь хос одны системээс татагдсан бодисын ихээхэн хэсэг нь хар нүхэнд хүрэлгүйгээр сансарт буцаан цацагддаг аж. Энэхүү нээлт нь хос одны систем болон галактикийн хувьслын тухай өнөөгийн ойлголтыг шинэчилж, хар нүхний бодис боловсруулах нарийн төвөгтэй механизмыг илүү тодорхой болгож байна.
Дэлгэрэнгүйг эх сурвалжаас харах
↓Эх сурвалжийг нээх ↓
A new study has revealed that a black hole does not simply consume everything surrounding it, but can also return large amounts of material to space. Astronomers tracked the dramatic 2023 eruption of the system Swift J1727.8−1613 using the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope (VLT).
The observations, published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, provide one of the clearest views yet of how black holes process matter during and after an outburst.
The findings show that powerful jets and winds can continue even when the black hole’s visible activity has significantly declined.
A Rare Look At A Black Hole Feeding Event In Real Time
The newly analyzed observations focus on Swift J1727.8−1613, a binary star system containing a black hole pulling gas away from a nearby companion star. As material falls toward the black hole, it forms a rapidly rotating accretion disk made of superheated gas. This disk becomes the stage where matter is transformed before some of it reaches the black hole itself.
The system suddenly erupted in 2023, becoming one of the brightest X-ray sources in the sky. This rare event allowed researchers to follow the evolution of the outburst over time rather than capturing only isolated moments. Using the Very Large Telescope, the team led by Dr. Noel Castro Segura from the University of Warwick collected detailed optical observations showing how the system changed through different phases of activity.
Credit: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
The research was published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, providing a detailed record of how incoming and outgoing material interacted around the black hole. Instead of showing a simple picture of a cosmic object consuming its surroundings, the observations revealed a much more active process involving both absorption and expulsion.
“People often imagine black holes simply swallowing everything around them,” said lead author Dr. Noel Castro Segura, a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Warwick. “What we’re seeing is a much more complex process. Matter falls in, the system processes it, and a surprising amount is expelled again.”
The results suggest that black hole activity depends on a delicate balance between material moving inward and powerful forces pushing gas outward. This discovery gives astronomers a clearer view of the physical mechanisms controlling how black holes interact with their environments.
Jets And Winds Reveal The Hidden Side Of Black Hole Activity
During the eruption of Swift J1727.8−1613, researchers observed a strong connection between the changes inside the accretion disk and the formation of outflows. As the black hole’s feeding process evolved, it produced a powerful jet that launched material away from the system at high speeds.
The study also identified dense gas being expelled through winds from the system. These outflows show that black holes are not isolated objects that only absorb matter. They actively reshape the space around them by sending material back into their surroundings.
Credit: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
The most surprising evidence appeared after the peak of the eruption had passed. When the black hole’s activity dropped to around one hundredth of its maximum level, astronomers still detected signs of significant gas being pushed away from the system. The fading stage of the event remained highly energetic, revealing a longer and more complex aftermath than expected.
This behavior suggests that the final stages of a black hole eruption may contain important information about how these systems operate. The material expelled through jets and winds could influence the evolution of the surrounding environment and affect how binary star systems develop over time.
Reflecting on the digestive process of black holes, Segura continued,
“If black holes can continue shedding material even after their largest outbursts, it means they may be much less efficient eaters than we previously assumed. A significant fraction of the meal may never reach the black hole at all, changing our understanding of how binary stars in galaxies evolve.”
The observations challenge older models that focused mainly on the amount of matter captured by black holes. They show that the material returned to space may represent a major part of the entire process.
The Cosmic Aftermath Changes The Picture Of Black Hole Evolution
The discovery from Swift J1727.8−1613 adds new evidence that black holes act as dynamic systems capable of transforming and redistributing matter. Their influence extends beyond the moment when they appear brightest, with activity continuing during much quieter phases.
Astronomers often focus on the beginning of an outburst, when intense radiation and energetic emissions dominate observations. This study highlights the importance of following these events until their later stages, when hidden processes can still be taking place.
Credit: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
The amount of gas expelled from the system may be comparable to the amount eventually consumed by the black hole. This means that a large portion of the material transferred from the companion star could escape instead of becoming part of the black hole.
Commenting on the research, Kyle Solomons, a doctoral researcher at the University of Cape Town, said, “We usually gravitate toward the dramatic fireworks when a black hole outburst begins, but our observations show that the finale can be just as intense. Even as the system’s X-ray emission dropped to a fraction of its peak, it still had enough power to generate a massive expulsion of gas.”
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